The impacts of climate change in Somalia are undeniable, with rising temperatures across the country intensifying droughts and heatwaves. Rainfall patterns have become increasingly erratic and unpredictable, often resulting in heavy downpours that trigger flash floods. These extreme weather conditions have become a regular occurrence in Somalia, posing significant threats to its population and economy. Somalia’s economy, which heavily depends on livestock, agro-pastoral activities, and fisheries, is particularly susceptible to the adverse effects of climate change and extreme weather events. This vulnerability has further exacerbated food insecurity and poverty among its people. The increasing frequency of heatwaves and recurrent droughts has led to severe crop and livestock losses, contributing to famine, displacement, and other health and well-being risks for the population.

In recent years, inter-seasonal variability and declining rainfall during the main rainy season have negatively impacted cereal production. Recurrent droughts and floods, which are expected to worsen due to rising temperatures, heavier rainfall events, and sea level rise, continue to cause severe crop and livestock losses, leading to famine and displacement. These climate-related challenges underscore the urgent need for adaptive measures and resilience-building strategies to mitigate the impacts on Somalia’s vulnerable communities.